/* 
Torus to mug morphing animation, by Lucas V. Barbosa - January 17, 2007 - Coded in: POV-Ray 3.6
License:

Info
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Author user page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Kieff
The final animation at Wikimedia Commons: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Mug_and_Torus_morph.gif


Notes
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Several modifications were done for each part of the animation and I didn't keep them all here.
So if you wish to reproduce the animation, you'll have to play with this code quite a bit. :)

*/


background { color rgb 1 }

global_settings { assumed_gamma 1.5 }

camera {
        orthographic
        location <0,4,-5>*0.8
        look_at <0,0,0>
        //rotate -45*y
}

#declare dist = 0.2;
light_source {
        <0,0,0>, 1
        //translate <-3,5,-5>*1
        translate 5*y
        translate -5*z
        translate 2*x
}


#declare a = 1;

// Cylinders for the mug shape
#declare C_a = function { pow(x / a,2) + pow(z / a,2)-1.5 }
#declare C_b = function { pow(x / a,2) + pow(z / a,2)-1.2 }
#declare B_b = function { (y+1.3) }


// Torus (handle and the morphing target)
#declare R = 1; #declare r = 0.22;
#declare T_a = function { pow(R - sqrt(pow(x,2) + pow(y,2)),2) + pow(z,2) - pow(r,2) }
#declare R2 = 1; #declare r2 = 0.5;
#declare T_b = function { pow(R2 - sqrt(pow(x,2) + pow(y,2)),2) + pow(z,2) - pow(r2,2) }

// Hollow mug (concave)
#declare Mug = function { min(min(max(C_a(x,y,z),B_b(x,y,z)),max(C_a(x,y,z),-C_b(x,y,z))),max(T_a(x-1,y,z),-C_a(x,y,z))) }

// Solid mug (cylinder with handle, convex)
#declare Mug2 = function { min(C_a(x,y,z),max(T_a(x-1,y,z),-C_a(x,y,z))) }


#declare c = 0.5;

// Linear to smooth interpolation
#declare Int = pow(sin(clock*pi/2),2);


// Functions for the mug parts, left as backups.
// max(C_a(x,y,z),B_b(x,y,z)) bottom
// max(C_a(x,y,z),-C_b(x,y,z)) sides
// min(max(C_a(x,y,z),B_b(x,y,z)),max(C_a(x,y,z),-C_b(x,y,z))) bottom+sides
// max(T_a(x-1,y,z),-C_a(x,y,z)) handle
// min(min(max(C_a(x,y,z),B_b(x,y,z)),max(C_a(x,y,z),-C_b(x,y,z))),max(T_a(x-1,y,z),-C_a(x,y,z))) full mug
        

// Render as isosurface or CSG.
// Isosurface is used in the transitional states.
#declare RenderIsosurface = 0;
#if (RenderIsosurface)
union {
        isosurface {
                function {
                        // Add previously defined object functions using Int and (1-Int) as to generate the smooth transition
                //Mug2(x,y,z)*(1-Int) +
                        Mug(x,y,z)
                        //T_b(x-1,y,z)*Int
                }
                contained_by { box { -<3,1.5,3>, <3,1.5,3> } }
                accuracy 0.001
                max_gradient 5 // 10
                //rotate -90*x
        }
        cylinder {
                <0,-1.3+Int*2.8,0>, <0,-1.5,0>, sqrt(1.5)
        }
        pigment {
                color rgb <0.6,0.8,1> transmit 0.1
        }
        finish {
                specular 0.5
                roughness 0.01
                ambient 0.2
        }
}
#else
union {
        difference {
                cylinder {
                        -1.5*y, 1.5*y, sqrt(1.5)
                }
                cylinder {
                        -2*y, 2*y, sqrt(1.2)
                }
        }
        difference {
                torus {
                        R, r
                        rotate 90*x
                        translate x
                }
                cylinder {
                        -1.5*y, 1.5*y, sqrt(1.5)
                }
        }
        cylinder {
                <0,0-0.25+Int*(1.5+0.25),0>, <0,-1.5,0>, sqrt(1.5)
        }
        pigment {
                color rgb <0.6,0.8,1> transmit 0.1
        }
        finish {
                specular 0.5
                roughness 0.01
                ambient 0.2
        }
}
#end

/* END OF FILE */